The 99.5% cast nickel grade (R48) is designed to resist hot caustic solutions and can be alloyed to increase strength. Nickel-copper Monel type alloys (R47) have very good resistance to chloride corrosion. This grade can be supplied with additional silicon and age hardened (R47S) for increased strength where erosion-corrosion and galling occur in chloride containing media. The nickel-molybdenum-chromium (R39) Hastelloy type grades provide unique corrosion resistance to hydrochloric, phosphoric and hydrofluoric acid. QC R39 can additionally be alloyed with one or a combination of tungsten, vanadium, niobium, copper, tin and bismuth to produce metals with increased strength, high temperature capabilities, improved corrosion resistance and anti-galling properties.